Psychological Risk and Protective Factors Related to Fear of Covid-19 During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Iran

The current COVID-19 pandemic is associated with numerous psychological issues such as anxiety and distress as a result of individual, health-related, social, and economic, issues. This study aimed to assess the general population in Iran for negative impacts of the current pandemic on psychological well-being and to find possible protective and risk factors when facing such situations as the current COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 317 people partook in an online survey in Iran from August 3, 2020 to September 20, 2020. Anxiety, depression, fear of COVID-19, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were evaluated. The results showed that measures assessing anxiety, depression, emotion regulation, intolerance of uncertainty, illness perception, neuroticism, social support, and self-efficacy were significantly related to fear of COVID-19, and results of regression analysis demonstrated that neuroticism, intolerance of uncertainty, and illness perception could predict fear of COVID-19 beyond and above anxiety and depression.  In conclusion, some factors including neuroticism, illness perception, and intolerance of uncertainty are considered as risk factors for mental health during this pandemic.